This study aims to analyze the representation of political events in Iran across three foreign-based Persian-language media outlets—BBC Persian, Iran International, and Radio Farda—covering the period from June 2022 to June 2025. It examines how these outlets frame events and identifies the discursive differences between them. Employing a qualitative research design with purposive sampling, the study coded and analyzed 122 news narratives based on their coverage and discursive diversity. Analyses indicate that these three media outlets constructed their narratives by employing "crisis/threat" and "delegitimization" frames, yet each adopted a distinct perspective: BBC Persian focused on the external threat, Iran International on domestic repression and victimization, and Radio Farda on the crisis of transparency. A case study of the 12-day conflict also revealed four key discursive patterns: the simultaneous framing of crisis and delegitimization, heavy reliance on anonymous sources, the presentation of technical claims lacking independent verification, and purposeful symbolism.

The conclusion indicates that integrating Critical Discourse Analysis and framing theory with the tripartite model provides an effective framework for analyzing media representations within the context of cognitive warfare, and holds practical implications for media policymaking and media literacy education.