Media outlets, by producing narratives in conflict situations, shape public perceptions of the necessity, causes, processes, and consequences of war. In the twelve-day war between Iran and Israel, .The aim of this study is to identify and compare science- and technology-related narratives through an analysis of 103 news posts published on the first and last days of the war—two key points in the construction of media narratives—on the Instagram pages of Al Arabiya, BBC Persian, and Fars News Agency. The study adopts a qualitative approach using Barthes’ structural narrative analysis and Propp’s narrative functions. The findings show that Al Arabiya published the highest number of science- and technology-related news stories, and that the overall coverage volume across all three media outlets on the first day was almost twice that of the final day. In Al Arabiya and BBC Persian narratives, Israel’s level of science and technology was represented as more advanced, while the attack on Iran was framed as generating new scientific and technological consequences. In contrast, Fars News emphasized Iran’s progress in military and nuclear science and technology and its role in defense and civilian protection. Audience responses across all three media revealed the emergence of value-based polarizations concerning Israel’s attack, the performance of Iranian officials, and expressions of concern about the possible release of radioactive materials. The results contribute to understanding the mechanisms of narrative construction in social media and their role in shaping public perceptions of science and technology in conflict contexts.