This article examines the legal implications of military attacks on civilian infrastructure, focusing on the Israeli Regime’s military attack on the facilities of The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB). The primary objective is to assess the legality of these attacks under international law, specifically considering the core principles of distinction, proportionality, and military necessity. Targeting media outlets raises critical concerns regarding the disruption of information flows and potential impacts on social stability. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study analyzes relevant international treaties (including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols), UN Security Council resolutions, and pertinent judicial precedents to provide a legal evaluation of these actions. Findings indicate that targeted attacks on civilian media infrastructure constitute a violation of IHL, permissible only in exceptional circumstances where the target has been demonstrably and verifiably converted into a military objective, and where the principles of proportionality have been rigorously adhered to. The available evidence pertaining to the attack on IRIB’s main building on June 16, 2025, which resulted in fatalities (two IRIB personnel and one driver) and injuries to civilian staff, alongside significant damage to a live broadcast studio, does not support the existence of such conditions. This research emphasizes the international legal responsibility of the aggressor state. Finally, based on the case analysis of the IRIB attack, the study proposes practical recommendations to strengthen protective frameworks for media, including enhanced media and human rights monitoring, the utilization of media diplomacy to raise global awareness, the establishment of international funds for the reconstruction of damaged media infrastructure, and the development of robust security protocols for journalists operating in conflict zones. These measures are essential for safeguarding journalists and media organizations as vital components of transparency and information dissemination.